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	<title type="text">Annals of Saudi Medicine</title>
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	<updated>2013-06-18T20:33:45-04:00</updated>
	
			
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>The Saudi International Congress on New Frontiers in Organ Transplantation</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/566.html</id>
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								<published>2013-06-18T10:30:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-06-18T10:30:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name>Reina Tejano</name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/566.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&amp;nbsp;
To download the Supplement, see right-hand side of this page.&amp;nbsp; </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Endovascular embolization of a giant aneurysm in medial posterior choroidal artery with associated arteriovenous malformation</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/aop/565.html</id>
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								<published>2013-05-13T05:34:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-05-13T05:34:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Ghazi Adlan Alshumrani,<sup>a</sup> Sultan Al-Qahtani<sup>b</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/aop/565.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;A 16-year-old male adolescent who presented with vomiting and headache and in the emergency de.partment had a loss of consciousness, was discovered to have a large mass compressing the brainstem. CT scan showed two adjacent mass lesions. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed a giant aneurysm in the posterior medial choroidal artery, subsequently embolized with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). Ten GDCs were used to embolize the aneurysm and the distal aspect of its parent artery. Postembolization DSA confirmed complete embolization of the aneurysm. Endovasular embolization of giant aneurysms in the medial posterior choroidal artery with GDCs is technically feasible and represents a successful therapeutic option. In unruptured giant intracranial aneurysms, simultaneous packing of the aneurysm with coils and occlusion of the distal parent artery can have a good outcome.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Impact of the revised penicillin susceptibility breakpoints for Streptococcus pneumoniae on antimicrobial resistance rates of meningeal and non-meningeal pneumococcal strains</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/564.html</id>
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								<published>2013-03-27T08:49:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T08:49:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Badria R. Al-Waili,<sup>a </sup>Sahar Al-Thawadi,<sup>b</sup> Sami Al Hajjar<sup>a</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/564.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;In January 2008, the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) revised the Streptococcus pneumoniae breakpoints for penicillin to define the susceptibility of meningeal and non-meningeal isolates. We studied the impact of these changes. In addition, the pneumococcal resistance rate to other antimicrobial agents was reviewed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Laboratory data on peumococcal isolates collected retrospectively from hospitalized children in tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to March 2012.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Only sterile samples were included from cerebrospinal fluids, blood, sterile body fluids and surgical tissue. Other samples such as sputum and non sterile samples were excluded. We included samples from children 14 years old or younger. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for penicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and meropenem were determined by using the E-test, while susceptibility to erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and vancomycin were measured using the disc diffusion methods following the guideline of CLSI.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Specimens were analyzed in two different periods: from January 2006 to December 2007 and from January 2008 to March 2012. During the two periods there were 208 samples of which 203 were blood samples. Full penicillin resistance was detected in 6.6% in the first period. There was decrease in penicillin nonmeningeal resistance to 1.5% and an increase in resistance in penicillin meningeal 68.2% in the second period (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.0001). There was an increase in rate of resistance among &lt;em&gt;S pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; isolates over the two periods to parenteral cefuroxime, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole by 34.6%, 35.5% and 51.9%, respectively. Total meropenem resistance found 4.3% and no vancomycin resistance was detected.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/strong&gt;The current study supports the use of the revised CLSI susceptibility breakpoints that promote using penicillin to treat nonmeningeal pneumococcal disease, and might slow the development of resistance to broader-spectrum antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Incidence and bacteriologic causes of septic arthritis in a general hospital in Saudi Arabia</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/563.html</id>
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								<published>2013-03-27T08:40:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T08:40:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Mohammed Babiker</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/563.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;Since data on the incidence and etiology of septic arthritis in Saudi Arabia is sparse, we analyzed the incidence and bacterial etiology of septic arthritis in a general hospital in Saudi Arabia.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTINGS: &lt;/strong&gt;Observational study of all hospitalized patients with native joint septic arthritis from 2005 to 2010.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; We specifically collected data on demography, joint(s) affected, synovial fluid gram stain and culture, and blood culture. We also included the initial antimicrobial agents, length of stay (LOS) and&amp;nbsp;any surgical interventions. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; There were 58 cases of native joint septic arthritis with an annual incidence rate of 0.2-0.8 per 1000 discharges. There were 31 (53.4%) males and 27 (46.6%) females with a mean (SD) age of 44.2 (29.3) years. There were 18 (25.8%) children &amp;lt;18 years of age. The most frequently affected joints were the knee (28, 48.3%), ankle (7, 12.1%), elbow (6, 10.3%), and shoulder (4, 6.9%). Of the synovial cultures, 17 (29.3%) were nega.tive and the most commonly isolated organism was methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (16, 27.6%). Blood cultures were negative in 38 cases (67.8%) and positive in the remaining 32%. The most common or.ganism from blood cultures was &lt;em&gt;S aureus&lt;/em&gt; (12.5%). There was no difference in the rate of positive synovial fluid cultures between children and adults (65% vs 82.4%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.22), but children were more likely to grow &lt;em&gt;S aureus &lt;/em&gt;(53%) than adults (20%) (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.024).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/strong&gt;Septic arthritis is an uncommon disease in the study population and the most common organism is &lt;em&gt;S aureus&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Entecavir for the treatment of real-life chronic hepatitis B patients: a study from Saudi Arabia</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/562.html</id>
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								<published>2013-03-27T08:20:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T08:20:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Hamad Ibrahim Al-Ashqar,<sup>a </sup>Mohammed Al-Quaiz,<sup>a</sup> Saleim Towfeig Dahab,<sup>b</sup> Musthafa Chalikandy Peedikayil<sup>a</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/562.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Entecavir is a nucleoside analog used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis&amp;nbsp;B. The efficacy of ETV has not been studied in the Saudi population. The objective of the study was to find unde.tectable HBV DNA after 48 weeks completion of ETV treatment in real-life versus clinical trial patients.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; A retrospective study in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia of patients treated from 2006 January to 2010 June.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Of 43 eligible patients, 24 patients were treatment-na&amp;iuml;ve and 19 were treatment refractory.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Mean HBV DNA viral load was 51 million IU/mL prior to treatment and decreased to 0.16 million IU/mL at 48 weeks. Mean HBV DNA logIU/mL was 6.3 before treatment and decreased to 2.3 logIU/mL&amp;nbsp;(&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.001) at 48 weeks. After 48 weeks treatment, ALT significantly decreased from a mean ALT of 88.7 U/L before treatment to 37.5U/L (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.04). After 48 weeks, the HBV DNA was undetectable in 14 (58.4%) in treatment-na&amp;iuml;ve patients and in 6 (31.6%) treatment-refractory patients. At 48 weeks 17 (60.7%) of HBeAg-negative patients and 3 (20%) HBeAg-positive patients achieved undetectable HBV DNA (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.003). When the treatment was extended for a median of 24 months (range 12 months to 60 months), 29 (67.4%) achieved undetectable HBV DNA. Among 29 patients who achieved undetectable HBV DNA, the treatment refractory patients reached un.detectability within a mean of 32.4 (18.6) months and treatment-na&amp;iuml;ve patients in a mean of 18.8 (10.5) months (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.01). Two (13.3%) of HBeAg-reactive patients converted to HBeAg-negative status and one patient (2.3%) lost HBsAg.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; After treatment with entecavir, HBV DNA undetectable at 48 weeks in 58.4% of na&amp;iuml;ve patients. The response rate was better in HBeAg-negative and treatment-na&amp;iuml;ve patients compared to HBeAg-positive and treatment-refractory patients.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Importance of viral pathogens in children with acute gastroenteritis in the south of Iran</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/561.html</id>
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								<published>2013-03-27T08:09:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T08:09:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Akram Najafi,<sup>ab</sup> Shariat Najafi,<sup>b</sup> Katayoun Vahdat,<sup>b</sup> Mohammad Kargar,<sup>c</sup> Negin Javdani<sup>c</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/561.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Different types of viruses are the leading cause of acute diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. Epidemiological surveillance of viral agents is critical for the develop.ment of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the&amp;nbsp;four major enteropathogenic viruses&amp;mdash;rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus&amp;mdash;in children over 7 years&amp;nbsp;of age.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on stool specimens of children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to the Pediatrics Unit of 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Borazjan, Iran from October&amp;nbsp;2008 to September 2010.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;Acute gastroenteritis was defined as &amp;ge;3 loose watery stools per 24 hours. A total&amp;nbsp;of 375 stool samples were collected from hospitalized children aged &amp;lt;7 years old with acute gastroenteritis.&amp;nbsp;All samples were investigated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of viral antigens.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Rotavirus was detected in 91 (24.3%) of the patients whereas the prevalence of norovirus, adenovirus&amp;nbsp;and astrovirus was 12.5%, 5.1% and 2.4%, respectively. On average, 75.9% of children with viral diarrhea were&amp;nbsp;younger than 2 years old (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.023). All the strains of viral gastroenteritis studied peaked in the autumn, except for&amp;nbsp;adenovirus which peaked in spring (P=.015). The most common clinical symptoms included diarrhea (92.2%),&amp;nbsp;vomiting (68.7%), abdominal cramp (60.8%) and moderate dehydration (57.2%).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/strong&gt;Since nearly half of gastroenteritis cases (44.3%) were due to viral agents, testing for the viral&amp;nbsp;antigens may guide the clinical approach to those patients with acute diarrhea particularly in the case of children less than 2 years old, and during cold seasons.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Influence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus on cerebrovascular reactivity in diabetics with retinopathy</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/560.html</id>
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								<published>2013-03-27T06:55:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T06:55:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Mira Ivankovic,<sup>a</sup> Maja Radman,<sup>b</sup> Antonela Gverovic-Antunica,<sup>c </sup>Sanda Tesanovic,<sup>d</sup> Gorana Trgo,<sup>a</sup> Vida Demarin<sup>e</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/560.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) provides information on the intracerebral arterioles capacity to react to vasodilatory stimuli. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus on CVR in diabetics with retinopathy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected over a 1-year period.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SUBJECT AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Subjects were classified into four groups each comprised of 30 participants: diabetic retinopathy with hypertension (DRH), diabetic retinopathy without hypertension (DR), hypertension without diabetes mellitus (H), and healthy controls without diabetes and hypertension (C). CVR was estimated in relation to the increase in the mean flow velocity compared with the basal velocity in both middle cerebral arteries during hypercapnia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; In the DRH group, the mean (SD) increase in CVR was 8.8 (2.49) cm/s, in the H group 14.4 (2.59) cm/s and in the DR group 9.7 (2.97) cm/s. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among the groups in blood flow velocity after a breath-holding test (F=89.83; df=3.116;&lt;em&gt; P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.001).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/strong&gt; Diabetes mellitus influences CVR more than hypertension.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Prevalence of harassment and discrimination among residents in three training hospitals in Saudi Arabia</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/559.html</id>
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								<published>2013-03-27T06:41:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T06:41:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Naif Fnais,<sup>a</sup> Muhammad al-Nasser,<sup>b</sup> Mohammad Zamakhshary,<sup>c</sup> Wesam Abuznadah,<sup>d</sup> Shahla Al Dhukair,<sup>e</sup> Mayssa Saadeh,<sup>f</sup> Ali Al-Qarni,<sup>g</sup> Bayan Bokhari,<sup>d</sup> Taqreed Alshaeri,<sup>h</sup> Nouf Aboalsamh,<sup>a</sup> AbdulAziz BinAhmed<sup>i</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/559.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;Multiple surveys of medical residents have shown a high incidence of harassment and discrimination in academic health centers. Harassment has a negative effects on residents&amp;rsquo; health and on their ability to function. No previous study has documented the prevalence of harassment and discrimination among residents in Saudi Arabia. We aimed in this study to assess the prevalence of harassment and discrimination among residents at a tertiary care academic hospitals in Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional survey conducted at National Guard Hospitals in Riyadh, Jeddah and Al-Ahsa&amp;rsquo;a from 27 July to 20 August 2010.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SUBJECTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; The survey included questions on the prevalence of harassment of different types, inlcuding verbal, academic, physical and sexual harassment, as well as discrimination on the basis of gender, region of origin or physical appearance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Of 380 residents, 213 (56%) returned a completed questionnaire (123 male, 57.8%). At least one of type of harassment and discrimination was reported by 83.6% of respondents. The most frequently reported forms were verbal harassment and gender discrimination (61.5% and 58.3%, respectively). Sexual harassment was commonly reported (19.3%) and was experienced significantly more often by female residents than by male residents (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.0061).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/strong&gt;Harassment and discrimination of Saudi residents is common with more than three-quarters reporting having had such an experience. Identification of the risk factors is a necessary first step in clarifying this issue and could be used when planning strategies for prevention.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Social impact on families of children with complex congenital heart disease</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/558.html</id>
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								<published>2013-03-27T06:31:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T06:31:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Sulaiman Almesned, Ali Al-Akhfash, Abdulrahman Al Mesned</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/558.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;The care of children with complex congenital heart disease creates emo.tional and financial hardships for their families. We evaluated the social impact on families of patients with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent single ventricle repair.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Cross-sectional survey conducted at the pediatric cardiology outpatient department at Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim (PSCC-Q).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;All patients diagnosed and treated for complex CHD of single ventricle patho.physiology and seen in the pediatric cardiology at PSCC-Q were eligible for the study. Families of these patients completed a questionnaire conducted by one interviewer. The Impact on Family Scale (IFS) questionnaire of Stein and Riessman was instituted. Patients were divided into two groups according to the cardiac diagnosis and the requirement for medical or surgical management. The first group included patients with CHD who do not need any medical or surgical intervention, .e.g. tiny VSD or small ASD. The second group included patients with complex CHD with single ventricle pathophysiology who underwent Glenn and/or Fontan procedures. The mean impact on family scores was compared among the different groups by two sample t test analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Families of 41 children with CHD were interrogated during the study period from September 2011 to February 2012. Patients were divided into two groups. Group one (20 patients, 49%) with simple CHD and group two (21 patients, 51%) with complex CHD who are managed in the univentricular tract. Families of chil.dren who underwent single ventricle repair had significantly higher IFS (mean and standard deviation of 62 [7]) than families with minor heart disease (mean of 51 [4]) (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.005).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; Families of patients who underwent single ventricle repair have significant social impact be.cause of their child illness. A supporting public group should be initiated and encouraged.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Factors affecting bowel gangrene development in patients with sigmoid volvulus</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/557.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/557.html" />
								<published>2013-03-27T06:17:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T06:17:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Sabri Selcuk Atamanalp, Abdullah Kisaoglu, Bunyami Ozogul&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/557.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Sigmoid gangrene develops in 6.1% to 93.4% of sigmoid volvulus (SV)&amp;nbsp;cases, and increases the mortality rate from 0% to 40% without bowel gangrene to 3.7% to 80%. This study&amp;nbsp;aimed to investigate factors that induce bowel gangrene development in SV patients.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTINGS:&lt;/strong&gt; Retrospective study from a single center.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; We determined whether there was any correlation between sigmoid gangrene&amp;nbsp;and the following factors: age, gender, a previous history of a volvulus, previous history of abdominal surgery,&amp;nbsp;pregnancy, major comorbidities, shock, duration of symptoms, direction and degree of rotation of volvulus, and&amp;nbsp;ileosigmoid knotting.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Of 442 patients, 271 (61.3%) had sigmoid gangrene. The presence of pregnancy was negatively cor.related with sigmoid gangrene development (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.05), while comorbid diseases (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.01), associated shock (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.01),&amp;nbsp;prolonged symptom duration (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.05), overrotation (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.05), and associated ileosigmoid knotting (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.01) were&amp;nbsp;positively correlated with bowel gangrene. However, no correlation was observed between sigmoid gangrene&amp;nbsp;and the other studied factors.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; An inverse correlation between pregnancy and sigmoid gangrene was observed. On the other&amp;nbsp;hand, a positive correlation was noted between bowel gangrene and comorbid diseases, shock, prolonged duration of symptoms, overrotation, and associated ileosigmoid knotting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>No association between MGP rs1800802 polymorphism and stenosis of the coronary artery</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/556.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/556.html" />
								<published>2013-03-27T05:57:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T05:57:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Abazar Roustazadeh,<sup>a</sup> Mohammad Najafi,<sup>b</sup> Abdollah Amirfarhangi,<sup>c</sup> Issa Nourmohammadi<sup>a</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/556.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;Matrix Gla protein (MGP) was originally isolated from bone but it is known to be expressed in several tissues including kidney, lung, heart, cartilage and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of the blood vessel wall. Since it inhibits calcification in subendothelial space of vessels thus, we evaluated the association of rs1800802(T&amp;gt;C) polymorphism and stenosis of the coronary artery.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional case-control.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SUBJECTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; One hundred eighty two subjects recruited on the basis of study protocol from who underwent coronary angiography. The controls (n=70) had normal coronary arteries (up to 5% stenosis). The patients (n=112) subdivided into three subgroups; single-vessel disease (SVD), two-vessel disease (2VD) and three-vessel disease (3VD) based on the number of stenosed coronary vessels (at least 50% stenosis). rs1800802 (T&amp;gt;C) polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP technique.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Genotype distribution was not significant between control and patient groups. In addition, there were no significant differences between rs1800802 (T&amp;gt;C) frequency and gender (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.092), and also patient subgroups (one-, two- and three vessel disease) (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.840).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/strong&gt;We concluded that rs1800802 (T&amp;gt;C) polymorphism within the MGP promoter is not related to stenosis of the coronary artery.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>RET codon 618 mutations in Saudi families with multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2A and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/555.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/555.html" />
								<published>2013-03-27T05:48:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T05:48:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Faiza Qari&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/555.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;Certain diseases such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A, MEN 2B, familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and renal dysgenesis are related to abnormalities of the RET protein. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of RET mutation in 10 Saudi families with MEN type 2A and familial MTC.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; A cross-sectional prospective study of patients followed up at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, between March 2001 and March 2011.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of all subjects by standard procedures. Exons 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16 of the RET proto-oncogene were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism, direct DNA sequencing and/or restriction enzyme analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/strong&gt;We screened 79 subjects for the RET mutation. Of which 43 subjects had hereditary MTC were en.rolled in this study. MEN type 2A was identified in 25 subjects; MTC was diagnosed in all 25 subjects (100%), pheochromocytoma in 13 subjects (52%) and hyperparathyroidism in 4 subjects (16%). The most frequent genotype in patients with MEN 2A syndrome was a codon 618 mutation (46.6%), followed by a codon 634 mutation (44.2%). Among the 5 families with MEN 2A, 3 had a mutation at codon 634, whereas 2 had a mutation at codon 618.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/strong&gt;The most frequent RET proto-oncogene mutation in our series was in codon 618 (exon 10).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Prevalence of celiac disease in healthy Iranian school children</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/554.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/554.html" />
								<published>2013-03-27T04:38:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T04:38:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Seyed Mohsen Dehghani, Mahmood Haghighat, Arash Mobayen, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Bita Geramizadeh</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/554.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;Other than its classic presentation, celiac disease can be completely asymptomatic in a proportion of the general population. Subjects with silent celiac disease are at risk of potential complications of the disease, which indicates the importance of early diagnosis. In this study we investigated the prevalence of silent celiac disease in healthy children in our area.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Cross-sectional screening of healthy children in Shiraz city.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SUBJECTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Fifteen hundred school children, 6 to 12 years of age in Shiraz (Southern Iran) were screened for celiac disease through serological testing of their serum anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A antibodies. A small intestinal biopsy was performed for children with positive serology tests and pathologic reports were given according to the modified Marsh criteria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the total students included, with a mean (SD) age of 9.5 (1.3) years, 30 subjects had positive anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A antibodies, resulting in a total seropositivity of 2%. The prevalence of biopsy proven celiac disease (silent celiac) was 0.6%.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; As in many other regions worldwide, this study estimated a relatively high prevalence of silent celiac disease in children in our area, citing the disease as an important health problem in our region.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Phyllodes tumor of the breast: a retrospective study of the impact of histopathological factors in local recurrence and distant metastasis</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/553.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/553.html" />
								<published>2013-03-27T04:30:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T04:30:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Samer Sawalhi,<sup>a</sup> Marwa Al-Shatti<sup>b</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/553.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;The challenging issue for the breast surgeons is local recurrence of phyllodes tumor. The histological criteria to predict local recurrence has been a controversial issue. The objective of this study was to determine pathological parameters and surgical margins that influence outcome of local recurrence and distant metastasis in phyllodes tumor (PT).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective review between January 2003 to August 2008 at King Hussein Cancer Center-Jordan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Forty-two female patients diagnosed as having PT were classified to benign, borderline and malignant. The medical records were reviewed in relation to the surgical management, recurrence, follow-up, the histological features of the tumor and grading of tumors based on the following histological parameters: mitotic count, stromal cellularity, stromal overgrowth, cellular pleomorphism, nuclear grade, tumor necrosis, tumor margin, and surgical margin status. All patients underwent wide local excision of the tumor or mastectomy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Forty-two patients with PT (16 benign, 9 borderline, 17 malignant PT) were followed up for 30 months. The mean age was 39.8 years, and the average tumor size was 6.6 cm. The recurrence rate of PT in our study was 21% at a mean time of 11 months. Nine patients had local recurrence; 2 benign, 6 malignant and 1 borderline. Cellular pleomorphism had correlation with recurrence rate (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.045). We had six patients (14%) with distant metastasis. All had malignant PT. Metastasis in PT has a relationship with histological grade (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.02).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/strong&gt; We conclude that patients with moderate and severe cellular pleomorphism had higher local recurrence, while metastatic PT occur more in patients with high nuclear grade.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Efficacy of telbivudine on interruption of hepatitis B virus vertical transmission: a meta-analysis</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/552.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/552.html" />
								<published>2013-03-27T04:23:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T04:23:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Min-Hui Liu, Yun-Jian Sheng, Jun-Ying Liu, Huai-Dong Hu, Qiong-Fang Zhang, Hong Ren</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/552.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common infections in the world. Vertical transmission is the main reason for the continued endemic infection rates, at least in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of telbivudine on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) interruption.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;Studies up to April 2012 were collected by searching Pubmed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, EBM Review, WangFang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in newborns and infants, maternal HBV DNA negative conversion and alanine trans.aminase (ALT) normalization and adverse events were analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Seven clinical trials involving 644 pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. Telbivudine resulted in lower HBsAg and HBV DNA seroprevalence in newborns and infants. When maternal viral load prior to delivery was higher than 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;copies/mL, HBsAg or HBV DNA positivity had no statistical difference.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/strong&gt; Telbivudine treatment has efficacy and safety on MTCT interruption during late pregnancy. In addition, we demonstrated benefit of telbivudine for mothers in terms of HBV DNA negative conversion and ALT normalization. Telbivudine treatment at the end of pregnancy should be considered in women with high viral load.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Mirrors and Reflections: The Evolution of Indirect Laryngoscopy</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/551.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/551.html" />
								<published>2013-03-27T03:23:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-27T03:23:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Jose Florencio Lape&ntilde;a</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/551.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;Indirect laryngoscopy traditionally entails the use of both a head mirror and laryngeal mirror. It is the first and most basic successful technique for viewing the larynx, and arguably remains the most commonly used diagnostic method for laryngoscopy today. This article reviews its evolution, from Albucasis&amp;rsquo; early applications of reflection and succeeding experiments with refraction, to Hoffman&amp;rsquo;s design of the head mirror and subsequent modifications with illumination, culminating in Manuel Garcia&amp;rsquo;s description of mirror laryngoscopy in 1854 and its refinement by T&amp;uuml;rck and Czermak.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the vagina: a rare entity</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/550.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/550.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T05:46:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T05:46:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Lovina Machado,<sup>a</sup> Aisha Al-Hamdani,<sup>b</sup> Dilip K. Sankhla,<sup>c</sup> Mansour S. Al-Moundhri<sup>d</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/550.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html"> </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Atypical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a renal transplant recipient successfully treated with allopurinol and fluconazole</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/549.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/549.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T05:39:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T05:39:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Soumaya Yaich,<sup>a</sup> Khaled Charfeddine,<sup>a</sup> Abderrahmen Masmoudi,<sup>b</sup> Mondher Masmoudi,<sup>a</sup> Sawssen Zaghdhane,<sup>a</sup> Hamida Turki,<sup>b</sup> Jamil Hachicha<sup>a</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/549.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic infection acquired through the bite of a female sandfly, which introduces the amastigotes of Leishmania into the bloodstream. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is rare after solid organ transplantation. Its diagnosis is difficult in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of isolated cutaneous leishmaniasis in a renal transplant patient resident in an endemic area. The patient was successfully treated with allopurinol and fluconazole and has remained relapse-free for 44 months. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis must be considered in immunosuppressed patients living in endemic areas. Our report shows that cutaneous leishmaniasis may complicate the clinical course of kidney transplant recipients and its presentation can be atypical. Conventional treatment with pen.tavalent antimonial agents can cause many side effects; of particular concern in renal transplant pa.tients are pancreatitis and nephrotoxicity. These latter may be avoided by using a combination of allopurinol and fluconazole.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Combination of factor V Leiden and MTHFR mutations in myocardial infarction</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/548.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/548.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T04:53:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T04:53:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Najiba Fekih-Mrissa,<sup>a</sup> Dhouha Berredjeb-Benslama,<sup>a</sup> Abdeddayem Haggui,<sup>b</sup> Habib Haouala,<sup>b</sup> Nasreddine Gritli<sup>a</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/548.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;Identifying patients who are at high risk of suffering myocardial infarction can be done by determining risk factors or by the adoption of molecular genetic testing for inherited thrombophilia. We report a case of myocardial infarction at a young age. The patient complained of dyspnea (stage III) and a burning pain of severe intensity that radiated to the left retrosternal side, but was not associated with palpitations or diaphoresis. A number of biochemical parameters were normal except for an elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) level. Genetic testing revealed the subject to be heterozygous for both the factor V leiden and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms. The combination of these two mutations may be a high risk factor for myocardial infarction. Genetic screening for inherited thrombophilia in young patients, especially in the presence of a common risk factor, may be useful for primary thrombopro.phylaxis and in asymptomatic relatives of patients.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Aberrant internal carotid artery in the middle ear</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/547.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/547.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T04:44:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T04:44:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Sami Alharethy</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/547.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;An aberrant internal carotid artery (ICA) in the middle ear space can present in 1% of the population. The clinical diagnosis can be difficult as most patients with this anomaly are either asymptomatic or have nonspecific clinical symptoms and signs. Moreover the diagnosis can easily be missed and only discov.ered when injurey occur to the ICA during middle ear surgey with resulting life-threatning complications. A knowledge of this anomaly and its differential diagnosis is of high importance to any practitioner dealing with otologic diseases and performing otologic surgeries. We report a 7-year-old girl with a right aberrant ICA presenting with hearing loss and review published studies concerning this disease entity presentation, diagnosis, and management.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Leukemic ascites as an initial presentation of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inversion of chromosome 16</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/546.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/546.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T04:35:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T04:35:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Ipek Yonal, Yusuf Kayar, Esra Nazligul, Mustafa Nuri Yenerel, Sevgi Kalayoglu-Besisik</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/546.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html"> </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Emergence of a highly resistant Clostridium difficile strain (NAP/BI/027) in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/545.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/545.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T04:30:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T04:30:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Nabeel Alzahrani,<sup>a</sup> Sameera Al Johani<sup>b</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/545.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html"> </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>A male with a one week history of fever, cough and breathlessness</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/544.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/544.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T04:18:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T04:18:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>K.V.S Hari Kumar, M.M Baruah</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/544.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html"> </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Comment on &quot;Clinicians should be more prone to examine children with chronic kidney disease in terms of vitamin D deficiency&quot;</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/543.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/543.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T04:10:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T04:10:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Sevket Balta,<sup>a</sup> Mustafa Cakar,<sup>b</sup> Seref Demirbas,<sup>b</sup> Sait Demirkol<sup>a</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/543.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&amp;nbsp;
To the Editor: We read the article &amp;rdquo; Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in children with chronic kidney disease&amp;rdquo; written by Kari et al with </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Reply to Comment on &quot;Clinicians should be more prone to examine children with chronic kidney disease in terms of vitamin D deficiency&quot;</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/542.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/542.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T03:56:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T03:56:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Jameela Abdulaziz Kari&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/542.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&amp;nbsp;
It is common practice to put patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on an activated form of vitamin D such as alphacalcidol without measuring or </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Comment on &quot;Chyluria: a mimicker of nephrotic syndrome&quot;</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/541.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/541.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T03:51:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T03:51:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/541.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">To the Editor: With reference to the interesting paper by Kaul et al,1 tuberculosis (TB) is one of the im.portant non-parasitic causes of chy.luria. TB </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Reply to Chyluria: a mimicker of nephrotic syndrome</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/540.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/540.html" />
								<published>2013-03-26T03:19:00-04:00</published>
								<updated>2013-03-26T03:19:00-04:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Anupama Kaul</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss2/540.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">Dr. Al-Mendalawi is right in mentioning that urine AFB is not the ideal test to justify genitourinary TB, but the idea was to look into </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Prevailing genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Saudi Arabia: a systematic analysis of evidence</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/539.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/539.html" />
								<published>2013-02-11T01:02:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-11T01:02:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Suhair M. Abozaid,<sup>a</sup> Mohamed Shoukri,<sup>bc</sup> Ahmad Al-Qahtani,<sup>ad</sup> Mohammed N. Al-Ahdala<sup>e</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/539.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 has been reported to be prevalent in some countries of the Middle East, the genotype distribution in some geographical areas is not conclusive.&amp;nbsp;We aimed to perform a meta-analysis on available literature on this issue in an attempt to identify or confirm the&amp;nbsp;prevailing HCV genotypes in Saudi Arabia.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; We searched for reports describing genotypes in Saudi Arabia. A meta-analysis was performed on&amp;nbsp;the samples in 18 studies, published between 1995 and 2011, in which HCV genotypes were identified.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 2277 specimens from 18 studies showed that 617, 82, 119 and 1198 subjects were HCV-positive for genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The meta-analyses showed that there is a great deal of heterogeneity in estimated prevalence among the studies. The highest prevalence was found in genotype HCV-4,&amp;nbsp;followed by HCV-1, HCV-3, and HCV-2.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; Our meta-analysei emphasizes that HCV genotype 4 is the most prevalent, followed by genotype 1. Further studies on genotype determination and subtype distribution are warranted.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Central nervous system and spinal tuberculosis in children at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/538.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/538.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T08:56:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T08:56:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Mohammed Al Ayed,<sup>a</sup> Suliman Al Jumaah,<sup>b</sup> Essam AlShail<sup>c</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/538.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem. There is limited data on pediatric central nervous system tuberculosis (CNSTB) in Saudi Arabia on diagnosis and therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective review of health record of pediatric patients &amp;lt;14 years old who were diagnosed as having CNSTB or spinal TB and admitted to a tertiary care center.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Health records and microbiology data of pediatric patients diagnosed with CNSTB were over 20-year period were reviewed. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, surgical interventions, neuroimaging, mycobacterial cultures and susceptibility and treatment were collected.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Thirteen children were diagnosed with CNSTB or spinal TB. Tuberculoma was the most frequent in 8 cases (62%), followed by TB of the spine in 4 cases (31%), and one case of meningitis. Six patients had a history of TB contact (46%) and 8 (62%) patients had a positive tuberculin skin test (TST). Seizure and weakness was the most frequent symptoms (38% each), while fever was less frequently encountered (23%). Tissue cultures (brain tissues/spinal tissues) showed a high yield (92%) of &lt;em&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/em&gt; with positive cultures for 11 surgical specimens out of 12 for whom cultures were done. There were no surgical complications from biopsies. All of MTB isolates were sensitive to first-line agents.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/strong&gt; Brain or spinal biopsy is safe and has a high culture yield for MTB so it is advisable to perform a biopsy for any child in whom CNSTB is suspected and when there is no other less risky involved site for biopsy. All MTB isolates in this series were sensitive to first-line anti-tubercular agents.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>HCV genotypes among 1013 Saudi nationals: a multicenter study</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/537.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/537.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T08:51:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T08:51:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Ibrahim Al Traif,<sup>a</sup> Mohammed A. Al Balwi,<sup>b</sup> Ibrahim Abdulkarim,<sup>c</sup> Fayaz A. Handoo,<sup>a</sup> Hamdan Saleh Alqhamdi,<sup>a</sup> Melfi Alotaibi,<sup>d</sup> Abdulrahman Aljumah,<sup>a</sup> Hamad Ibrahim Al Ashqar,<sup>e</sup> Khalid Bzeizi,<sup>f</sup> Mohammed Al Quaiz,<sup>e</sup> Abduljaleel Alalwan,<sup>a</sup> Waleed Al Hamoudi,<sup>g</sup>&nbsp;Khalid Alswat,<sup>g</sup> Faisal Sanai,<sup>h</sup> Ayman Abdo<sup>g</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/537.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (G) knowledge is essential for determining type, duration and rate of response to antiviral therapy, possible route of HCV transmission, and future vaccine development. Our aim was to study HCV genotypes and to provide precise data on genotype distribution in both genders and different age groups amongst Saudi patients.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Genotype data from molecular laboratories at four different tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh from January 2006 until December 2010 were collected and analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Consecutive data on genotype, sex and age was collected from 1013 Saudi patients. Genotyping was done by selective hybridization of amplicons to HCV genotype-specific oligonucleotides.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; We found G1 in 262 patients (25.9%), G2 in 44 (4.4 %), G3 in 29 (2.9 %), G4 in 608 (60%), and 3 patients (0.3%) each of G5 and G6. In addition, 64 (6.3%) patients had mixed genotypes, mostly G4 and G1. On subtyping in 191 G1 patients, 67 (35.1%) were G1a, and 124 (64.9 %) G1b. Age distribution showed that 18 (1.7%) were 0-20 years, 173 (17.1 %) 21-40 years, 521 (51.4%) 41-60 years and 301(29.7%) &amp;gt;60 years. There was no significant difference in frequency of G1, G3 and G4 among the two genders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; G1 and G4 are the predominant genotypes in Saudi patients infected with HCV (85.9%), with a similar distribution among the two sexes and no significant changes in genotype distribution over the past decade.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infections in healthy Saudi women attending gynecologic clinics in the western region of Saudi Arabia</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/536.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/536.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T08:43:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T08:43:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Nabeel Salem Bondagji,<sup>a</sup> Faten Salah Gazzaz,<sup>b</sup> Khalid Sait,<sup>a</sup> Layla Abdullah<sup>c</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/536.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major cause of cervical cancer. There is little published data on the prevalence of HPV infection among Saudi women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in a group of women in the western region of Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; A prospective study of Saudi women seeking gynecologic care at King Abdulaziz University Hospital from March 2010 to January 2011.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Four hundred eighty-five Saudi women of different age groups attending gynecology clinic were tested for high-risk HPV DNA. HPV DNA was detected in cervical scrapes using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) high-risk HPV DNA test. The prevalence of HPV DNA positivity in different age groups was calculated.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Out of the 485 specimens, 27 (5.6%) were positive for the high-risk HPV. The highest percentage was among women aged 60 years and older. Patients in the age group 40-49 years were more likely to accept HPV testing with a total of 188 patients.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; The prevalence of HPV in this group of Saudi women is similar to what was reported in some Arab countries and lower than that reported in developed countries. This information could be used to help in establishing a primary screening program using HPV DNA testing in Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Prevalence of iron overload complications among patients with b-thalassemia major treated at Dubai Thalassemia Centre</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/535.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/535.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T08:24:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T08:24:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Khawla Mohammed Belhoul,<sup>a</sup> Maisan Lateef Bakir,<sup>a</sup> Ahmed Mohamed Kadhim,<sup>a</sup> Hany ElSayed Dewedar,<sup>a</sup> Mohamed Salah Eldin,<sup>a</sup> Fatheya Abbas AlKhaja<sup>a</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/535.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Authors and team members of the Dubai Thalassemia Centre obtained data on the prevalence of iron overload complications among patients with b-thalassemia major (b-TM) and compared it to international data to improve patient care and evaluate the effectiveness of earlier used treatment modalities. The information obtained is also expected to be useful in genetic counseling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Cross-sectional study of all living transfusion-dependent b-TM patients registered at the Thalassemia Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, until the end of 2007 (n=382).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;Diagnosis of TM was based on clinical history and laboratory confirmation by hemoglobin electrophoresis and DNA testing. All were uniformly treated with desferrioxamine and monitored by serial serum ferritin. results: The mean (SD) age of patients was 15.4 (7.6) years, with 50.5% males. Mean (SD) serum ferritin was 2597.2 (1976.8) &amp;micro;g/L. The frequency of iron overload complications were as follows: hypogonadism (n=99, 52.7%), hypoparathyroidism (n=40, 10.5%), diabetes mellitus (n=40, 10.5%), hypothyroidism (n=24, 6.5%) and cardiomyopathies (n=7, 1.8%). Hypogonadism was the most common endocrine abnormality in our study and other reported series. However, cardiomyopathies were less prevalent among our patients with higher rates of diabetes and hypoparathyroidism compared to rates reported internationally. Females had statistically significant lower serum ferritin (2530.8 (1931.2), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.05) with a lower cardiomyopathies rate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; Iron overload related complications among our patients with thalassemia major were different from those reported internationally. Studying the genetic status of patients from our area may uncover the underlying genetic modifiers of iron overload mediated organs injury.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Distinct sonographic features of acute appendicitis in sickle cell disease</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/534.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/534.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T08:14:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T08:14:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Sherif Monib,<sup>a</sup> Ragab H. Donkol,<sup>a</sup> Ahmad Hassan,<sup>b</sup> Amjid A. Riaz<sup>b</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/534.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study was to report sonographic findings of appendicitis in patients with positive screening tests for sickle cell compared to normal control patients.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; A retrospective study of the medical records of 396 patients who underwent appendectomy during a 3-year period from March 2005-2008.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;The study included 216 males and 180 females, whose ages ranged from 7 to 55 years. Four patients (0.9%) had sickle cell disease (SCD), 101 had sickle cell trait (SCT) (25%) and 291 (74%) patients were without sickle cell anemia (control group).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Positive sonographic findings of appendicitis were identified in 95 (90%) SCT patients and in 253 (87%) control patients. The mean maximal mural thickness was higher in sickle cell patients (4.5 [1.4] mm) in comparison with the control group (3.0 [2.2] mm) (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.0001). Appendicolith was significantly detected in 53% of the control group and in 8.5% of the sickle cell group (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.0001). Color Doppler showed hypervascularity in 72% of patients with appendicitis in the control group with a significant difference compared to only 12 cases (11%) of SC patients (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.05). Ultrasonography findings suggesting perforation were found in 35 sickle cell patients and in 75% (3 of the 4 patients) with SCD. Findings suggesting perforation were found only in 49 patients (17%) of the control group. Perforated appendix was significantly higher in sickle cell patients in preoperative US and intraoperatively (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;.05)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; Positive sonographic findings of appendicitis in sickle cell patients are different from the general population. These findings include mural thickening with a low incidence of appendicolith and wall hypervascularity. Also sonographic features of perforation in sickle cell patients are more common suggesting a need for more urgent operative intervention.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Saudi women’s acceptance and attitudes towards companion support during labor: Should we implement an antenatal awareness program?</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/533.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/533.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T08:08:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T08:08:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Hazem Mahmoud Al-Mandeel, Auroabah Saad Almufleh, Al-Jawhara Talal Al-Damri, Dana Ahmed Al-Bassam, Eman Abdullah Hajr, Nora Ahmed Bedaiwi, Sara Mohammad Alshehri</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/533.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;Despite the known benefits of support during chilbirth, most hospitals in Saudi Arabia do not allow a companion during labor. This can be due to cultural beliefs among pregnant Saudi women. The aims of this study are to describe Saudi women&amp;rsquo;s preferences towards supportive companions during labor and to explore their attitudes and knowledge about the importance of support during childbirth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Prospective cohort study conducted in three governmental tertiary hospitals within Riyadh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SUBJECTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Women who consented were interviewed during their postpartum hospital stay using a validated standardized Arabic questionnaire. Participants were asked about their preferences and attitudes towards companions during childbirth, as well as about their knowledge on the importance of such support.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 402 women who participated in the study, 182 women (45.3%) preferred the presence of a companion during childbirth and only 57 of all interviewed women (14.2%) had ever had a supportive companion during any of their previous childbirths. The mother (58%) or husband (51%) was the most preferred person as a childbirth companion. Age, level of educational, or antenatal, intrapartum or postpartum status had no impact on their decision. However, women who had some sort of antenatal educational classes and/or read educational material about childbirth were more likely to prefer support during labor. More than one-third of participants (35.9%) thought that having a companion as support during labor would not help, but the most common reason for not preferring to have a companion was their fear of being exposed most of the time to their companion (64.1%).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/strong&gt; A significant percentage of surveyed Saudi women preferred not to have a supportive companion during childbirth. The reason might be a lack of understanding of the positive role of a companion during childbirth or because of cultural beliefs. Education of women during their antenatal care about the importance and the implementation of such a practice are warranted.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Fertility and pregnancy outcomes following resectoscopic septum division with and without intrauterine balloon stenting: a randomized pilot study</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/532.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/532.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T07:59:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T07:59:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Basim Fouad Abu Rafea,<sup>a</sup> George Angelos Vilos,<sup>b</sup> Ayman Mohamad Oraif,<sup>b</sup> Stephen George Power,<sup>b</sup> Jackie Hollet Cains,<sup>b</sup> Angelos George Vilos<sup>b</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/532.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Although uterine stenting is performed routinely following hysteroscopic metroplasty, we were unable to find any evidence documenting its value with regards to septum reformation and/or obstetrical performance. To evaluate the benefits of intrauterine Foley catheter/balloon splinting after resectoscopic septum division on septum reformation, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Prospective, randomized controlled pilot study (Canadian Task Force Classification I) conducted in university affiliated teaching hospital.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Twenty-eight women with infertility and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes diagnosed with intrauterine septum were randomized into having a No. 14 pediatric Foley catheter/balloon for 5 days (n=13) vs. no balloon (n=15) following resectoscopic septum division. None of the patients received preoperative endometrial thinning, antibiotic prophylaxis or adjuvant postoperative hormone therapy. All uterine septa were divided under general anaesthesia using a 26 F (9 mm) resectoscope with a monopolar electrical knife using glycine irrigant solution (1.5%) and 120 watts of power of low voltage (cut) waveform.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; The median age (range) was 29 years (23-38) and 32 years (22-40), respectively (P=.59). The groups were comparable by age, past obstetrical performance and comorbidities including endometriosis stage I-IV in 3 and 4 women, in the catheter/balloon and balloon group, respectively, and one in each group of polycystic ovarian syndrome and Crohn disease and one case of tubal obstruction in the balloon group. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. At 3 months, a hysterosalpingogram was done in 10 (77%) and 13 (87%) women, respectively, the results of which were normal. At 12-18 months, 1 woman in the balloon and 3 in the control group were not trying to conceive and 1 in each group had not conceived. Of the remaining women, 11 (92%) in each group had conceived and pregnancy outcomes included spontaneous abortion 3 (25%) and 4 (33.3%), ectopic pregnancy 0 and 1, second trimester loss 1 (8.3%) and 0 and term pregnancy 8 (66.6%) in both groups. Conception through assisted reproductive technology occurred in 2 and 1 woman, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Following resectoscopic septum division with monopolar knife electrode, splinting the uterine cavity with Foley catheter provided no advantage in septum reformation, clinical pregnancy rate, and pregnancy outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Gleason grading of prostate cancer in needle core biopsies: a comparison of general and urologic pathologists</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/531.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/531.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T07:48:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T07:48:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Jaudah Ahmed Al-Maghrabi,<sup>a</sup> Nasir A. Bakshi,<sup>b</sup> Hasan M.A. Farsi<sup>c</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/531.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; The Gleason grading of prostate carcinoma (PCa) in needle core biopsies is a major determinant used in management planning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concordance between general pathologists Gleason grading and that of a urologic pathologist in our community.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Retrospective review conducted at three tertiary care hospitals in Jeddah and Riyadh for all prostatic biopsies with carcinoma from January 2002 to January 2011.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Gleason scores assigned by the original pathologist were compared with that of the reviewing urologic pathologists. Biopsies were originally obtained and diagnosed at different referring hospitals and independent laboratories. The kappa test was used to evaluate agreement between the original and review scores.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; For 212 biopsies the exact concordance of the Gleason score assigned by the original pathologist and the reviewer was 38.7% (82/212). However, when grouped into the main four-score categories of 2-4, 5-6, 7, and 8 or greater, disagreement was noted in 88 (41.5%) biopsies; 87 were upgraded and 1 was downgraded on&amp;nbsp;review. When grouped into two-score categories of low grade (&amp;le;6) and high grade (&amp;ge;7), disagreement was noted&amp;nbsp;in 32 (15%) of the biopsies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; Gleason grade score shows that there was only slight to fair agreement between outside and&amp;nbsp;review scoring (kappa=0.43). When using only low versus high grade categorization, there was good agreement&amp;nbsp;(kappa=0.69). Almost all of the cases with score disagreement were upgraded on review.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Thyroglossal cysts in a pediatric population: apparent differences from adult thyroglossal cysts</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/530.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/530.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T07:35:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T07:35:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Puthen Veetil Pradeep, Buruju Jayashree</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/530.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;The clinical presentation of thyroglossal cyst and its variation from adult thyroglossal cyst has not been well studied. This study is to determine if the clinical presentation of thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) varies between children and adults and whether this affects the optimal management of individual cases.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; Retrospective study of all cases operated on for TGDC from February 2008 to November 2011 in a tertiary care teaching hospital.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SUBJECTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; The gender, age, clinical presentation, radiologic imaging, surgical management, post&amp;nbsp;operative complications, and recurrence rates between the children (&amp;le;18 years) and adults (&amp;gt;18 years) were compared.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 46 patients, 30 were adults and 16 pediatric; 46.5% of the adults and 74% of the children were females (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.11). The mean (SD) age in adults was 40.5 (16.0) years, while in children the mean (SD) age was 9.0&amp;nbsp;(1.4) years, suggesting a bimodal presentation. Hypothyroidism was present in 6.7% of the adults and 56.3% of pediatric cases (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.0004). Twenty percent of the adults had either an infected TGDC or fistulae, but none of the children had either infection (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.0001). In both adults and children the duration of disease was significantly shorter in females. In the pediatric group, males had a larger compared to females (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.006). The most common location of TGDC was the infrahyoid region. The Sistrunk procedure resulted in cure with no recurrences and complications in all.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/strong&gt;TGDC is commoner in adults with no sex predilection. Children have a shorter duration of disease. Male children present with larger cysts. Hypothyroidism is more common in pediatric TGDC. Infected TGDC and fistulae are uncommon in children. The Sistrunk procedure is adequate for both groups.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Celiac disease presenting as rickets in Saudi children</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/529.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/529.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T07:29:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T07:29:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Asaad Assiri,<sup>a</sup> Anjum Saeed,<sup>a</sup> Ahmed AlSarkhy,<sup>a</sup> Mohammed Issa El Mouzan,<sup>a</sup> Wael El Matary<sup>b</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/529.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Rickets is commonly seen as a sign of malabsorption like celiac disease if it is not treated appropriately with vitamin D and calcium supplements. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of diagnosis of celiac disease among children with unexplained rickets in Saudi children at a tertiary hospital setting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective review of records of patients referred over 10 years to a pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology unit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; The study included all patients referred for evaluation of unexplained rickets and osteomalacia and screened for celiac disease. The diagnosis of rickets was made on the basis of history, physical examination, biochemical and radiological investigations. The diagnosis of celiac disease was made based on the ESPGHAN (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition) criteria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Twenty-six children with a mean (SD) age of 9.5 (4.6) years (5 males, range 1-15 years) were referred for evaluation of unexplained rickets and were screened for celiac disease. The diagnosis of celiac disease based on small bowel biopsy findings was confirmed in 10 (38.4%) patients with rickets. Serological markers for celiac disease including antiendomyseal antibodies and antitissue transglutaminase antibodies were positive in all ten children.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; Rickets is not an uncommon presentation of celiac disease in Saudi children and pediatricians should consider celiac disease as an underlying cause for rickets.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Epidemiology of traumatic head injury in children and adolescents in a major trauma center in Saudi Arabia: implications for injury prevention</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/528.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/528.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T07:18:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T07:18:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Sultan Alhabdan,<sup>a</sup> Mohammed Zamakhshary,<sup>a</sup> Manal AlNaimi,<sup>b</sup> Hala Mandora,<sup>b</sup> Manal Alhamdan,<sup>c</sup> Khalid Al-Bedah,<sup>c</sup> Salem Al-Enazi,<sup>c</sup> Amro Al-Habib<sup>d</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/528.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Injury to the head is the most common affected body part in pediatric trauma and could be associated with deleterious consequences. It presents a challenge for developing countries since many injuries are preventable and there are few epidemiological data to support injury prevention programs. The current study aimed to determine demographic characteristics, etiology and outcome of head injury in the pediatric population and compare findings to international figures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTINGS: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective review of consecutive cases registered in major trauma center database, Riyadh, from 2001 to 2009.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; The database registry was limited to hospitalized patients following injury. Any&amp;nbsp;head injury in a patient &amp;le;18 years was included.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Of 3796 patients identified, 1219 patients (32.1%) suffered head injury (mean age 8.6 years; males 78.4%). Children under 12 years comprised 66.3%. Motor vehicle crash (MVC) was the commonest cause (34.2%), followed by pedestrian injury (30.3%) and falls (28.4%). When stratified by age, falls (45.6%) were the most common etiology under 6 years while MVC was the leading cause in high school students (74.4%). The latter group had the lowest mean (SD) Glascow coma scale scores ( 8.58 [4.7]), highest mean injury severity scale scores (23.4 [21]), highest rate of craniotomy (7%) and highest mortality (20%).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; One third of pediatric trauma requiring hospital admission suffered head injury. Preschoolers and elementary school students were mostly affected. The striking incidence of pedestrian and fall injuries call&amp;nbsp;for organized national prevention programs. Additionally, more attention should be directed to reduce MVC&amp;nbsp;among high school students given their comparative high rate of severe injuries and deaths following trauma.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Oxytocin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/527.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/527.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T07:08:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T07:08:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Ahmed A. Elberry,<sup>ab</sup> Shereen M. Refaie,<sup>bc</sup> Mohamed Kamel,<sup>d</sup> Tarek Ali,<sup>e</sup> Hatem Darwish,<sup>f</sup> Osama Ashour<sup>g</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/527.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; The clinical use of cisplatin (CP) is highly limited because of its renal toxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that intensify the cytotoxic effects. Oxytocin (OT) was previously shown to have antioxidant activity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING: &lt;/strong&gt;Experimental study on male Wistar albino rats performed in the Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were classified into four equal groups: a control group, OT only-treated group which received OT twice (500 &amp;micro;g/kg intraperitoneally (ip) 30 minutes and just before saline administration), a CP-induced nephrotoxicity group that received a single dose of CP (7.5 mg/kg ip) and treated with saline, and CP+OT group treated with the same previous doses. Seventy-two hours after CP administration, the rats were sacrificed and blood was withdrawn for determination of urea, creatinine, albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The kidneys were extracted for histopathological examination and determination of the tissue levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide end product nitrite (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were assessed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; CP-induced renal injury was evidenced histopathologically and manifested by a significant increase in serum LDH activity as well as urea and creatinine levels. Moreover, renal injury was associated with decreased renal tissue activities of CAT, SOD, GPx and GST as well as GSH level. On the other hand, renal tissue content of TBARS and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; as well as the activity of MPO were increased. Alterations in these biochemical and histopathological indices due to CP were attenuated by OT.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/strong&gt;OT protected rats from CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Such protection is attributed, at least in part, to its antioxidant activity.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Assessment of symptoms of menopause and their severity among Saudi women in Riyadh</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/526.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/526.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T05:16:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T05:16:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>AlJoharah M. AlQuaiz,<sup>ab</sup> Salwa A. Tayel,<sup>b</sup> Fawzia Ahmed Habiba<sup>c</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/526.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:&lt;/strong&gt; Research on menopause in Arab women is limited. The aim of our study was to assess the commonly experienced symptoms of menopause and their severity among Saudi women.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DESIGN AND SETTING:&lt;/strong&gt; A cross-sectional study conducted at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PATIENTS AND METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;Four hundred and ninety healthy women aged 40-55 years and either attending KKUH themselves or accompanying their relatives in outpatient clinics participated in the study. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess menopausal symptoms and severity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/strong&gt;The mean (SD) age of the women in menopause was 47.9 (6.03) years. The most frequent symptoms were muscle and joint problems occurring in 411 women (83.9%), physical and mental exhaustion in 393 (80.2%), heart discomfort in 358 (73.1%), sleeping disorders in 349 (71.2%), hot flashes in 348 (71.0%), and irritability in 348 (71.0%); in addition, 179 (36.5%) of these women experienced severe psychological distress. Perimenopausal women had higher total and subscales scorings for somatic symptoms than did premenopausal and postmenopausal women (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.008).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; The number of Saudi women reporting hot flashes and night sweats was comparable to the number of Western women. In addition, somatic symptoms were more prevalent among perimenopausal than among premenopausal women.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Methanol poisoning: characteristic MRI findings</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/525.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/525.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T05:08:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T05:08:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Nirdesh Jain,<sup>a</sup> Dandu Himanshu,<sup>a</sup> Shailendra Prasad Verma,<sup>a</sup> Anit Parihar<sup>b</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/525.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;Acute methanol intoxication is not an unusual poisoning. It can have serious neurological sequelae. We emphasize how neuroimaging can help in distinguishing methanol poisoning from other causes of acute unconsciousness in alcoholic patients such as hypoglycemic brain damage and carbon monoxide poisoning or head injury, which are frequently observed in alcoholic patients and are also responsible for altered sensorium. The most important findings in MR brain imaging in methanol poisoning have been bilateral putaminal hemorrhagic necrosis. Other less common findings are subcortical and deep white matter lesions, cerebral and cerebellar cortical lesions, and midbrain lesions, cerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage, and even enhancement of necrotic lesions, we found almost the entire spectrum of MRI findings in this patient with methanol poisoning. Neurological sequelae can entail the course and prognosis in methanol poisoning. The patient died because of ventilator-associated pneumonia that developed in the course of prolonged hospitalization.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Ballismus as a sign of transitional ischemic attack</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/524.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/524.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T05:02:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T05:02:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Seied Hesam Rahmani, Samad Shams Vahdati, Sajad Ahmadi, Arezou Tajlil</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/524.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">A 70-year-old woman presented to our emergency center with a complaint of jerking and twisting movements in her left upper limb and left ankle with </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Aicardi syndrome in two Turkish children</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/523.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/523.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T04:53:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T04:53:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Erhan Bayram,<sup>a</sup> Yasemin Topcu,<sup>a</sup> Gulcin Akinci,<sup>a</sup> Semra Hiz,<sup>a</sup> Handan Cakmakci<sup>b</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/523.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;Aicardi syndrome (AS) is an X-linked inherited disorder characterized by infantile spasms, chorioretinal lacunae, and agenesis or hypogenesis of the corpus callosum. The syndrome is more frequently seen in females but is observed in XXY male patients. Central nervous system, ocular, and costovertebral malformations may also seen in AS. Eye findings are of a considerable diagnostic importance; the chorioretinal lacunae are pathognomonic for AS and are generally bilateral. The outcome of the disease is generally severe, with a high mortality rate and poor developmental outcome. It is not clear which characteristics of the syndrome are related to a good prognosis in terms of psychomotor development, epileptic seizures, and survival. The purpose of this report was to demonstrate the spectrum of the clinical findings and the course of AS in two Turkish patients with different ocular and cranial MRI findings.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Diagnosis of tuberculous cervicitis by Papanicolaou-stained smear</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/522.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/522.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T04:35:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T04:35:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Padmapriya Jaiprakash,<sup>a</sup> Kanthilatha Pai,<sup>b</sup> Lakshmi Rao<sup>a</sup>&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/522.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection in the developing countries. It can involve most organs. Genital TB is usually secondary to pulmonary or extragenital TB. Tuberculosis most commonly involves the upper genital tract. Involvement of the cervix is rare. In countries like India, where carcinoma of cervix is very common, cervical TB may easily be mistaken clinically for malignancy. We report a case of tuberculosis cervicits (secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis) in a 54-year-old postmenauposal woman, who presented with a complaint of discharge per vaginum for a short duration. Per speculum examination showed an ulcerated lesion over anterior lip of cervix, clinically suggestive of malignancy. However, a Papanicolaou-smear showed features suggestive of tuberculosis which was confirmed by biopsy, resulting in early diagnosis and treatment of the patient. Hence, in a patient with a suspicious cervical lesion and a prior history of tuberculosis, a diagnosis of cervical tuberculoiss must be considered.&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Pott puffy tumor: a rare complication of sinusitis</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/521.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/521.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T04:23:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T04:23:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Ayub ur Rehman, Muhammad Noor Muhammad, Fadi Adnan Moallam&nbsp;</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/521.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&lt;p style=&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;&gt;Pott puffy tumor, a rare complication of sinusitis in adults, appears as a localized swelling over the frontal region or forehead. This swelling is due to a subperiosteal abscess resulting from osteomyelitis of the underlying frontal bone. This condition may be associated with an epidural purulent collection, subdural empyema, and intracerebral abscess. This entity is rare&amp;mdash;even forgotten&amp;mdash;since the advent of modern powerful antibiotics. A 27-year-old male was referred to ENT OPD with forehead swelling, fever and headache. The patient had mooth doughy swelling of the foreheadwith surrounding cellulitis and swelling spreading to the orbits as periorbital odema. On examination, patient had very poor oral hygiene with severe dental caries. CT with contrast conformed pansinusitis with erosion of frontal bone and abscess. An early recognition of this forgotten complication of sinusitis will help avoid severe neurological sequelae and increased morbidity and mortality.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>RE: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of Egyptian hemophiliac children</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/520.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/520.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T03:56:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T03:56:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/520.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">To the Editor: Abdelwahab et al1 stated in their study that deranged liver function, particularly alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly high in HCV-antibody and </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Reply</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/519.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/519.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T03:46:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T03:46:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Magy S. Abdelwahab</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/519.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&amp;nbsp;
Thank you for your interest in our article. In fact, according to the World Federation of Hemophilia Report last survey in 2010,1 there are 5307 </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Ophthalmic complications of dengue: pathogenesis and prevention</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/518.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/518.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T03:32:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T03:32:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Alagappan Uma,<sup>a</sup> Nagarajan Prabhu,<sup>a</sup> Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian<sup>b</sup></p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/518.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&amp;nbsp;
To The Editor: The report of Tabbara1 on dengue retinochroiditis is timely and makes practitioners and physicians to consider various ophthalmic manifestations and complications of </content>
							
					</entry>
				
					<entry>
						
								<title>Reply</title>
								<id>http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/517.html</id>
								<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/517.html" />
								<published>2013-02-10T03:06:00-05:00</published>
								<updated>2013-02-10T03:06:00-05:00</updated>
								<author>
									<name><p>Khalid F. Tabbara</p></name>
								</author>
								<category term="tech" scheme="http://www.annsaudimed.net/index.php/vol33/vol33iss1/517.html" label="tech" />
								<content type="html">&amp;nbsp;
I read with interest the comment of Uma and associates on the report of &amp;ldquo;Dengue retinochoroiditis.&amp;rdquo;1 I highly appreciate their comments in which they highlight </content>
							
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